Dark circles are often multifactorial, meaning more than one cause contributes to their appearance.

Genetic or Constitutional Factors:
Some people naturally have more pigmentation or thinner skin under the eyes — making underlying blood vessels more visible.

Volume Loss & Ageing:
With age, the fat pads and collagen under the eyes reduce, creating hollows or “tear troughs” that cast shadows and deepen dark circles.

Hyperpigmentation:
Increased melanin under the eyes can cause brownish discolouration.

Vascular Factors:
Prominent blood vessels or poor microcirculation can give a bluish or purplish tint to the under-eye area.

Lifestyle Factors:
Lack of sleep, dehydration, stress, smoking, and screen fatigue can all worsen under-eye darkness.

Allergies or Rubbing:
Chronic rubbing due to allergies, itching, or dryness can lead to irritation and pigmentation around the eyes.